Why it is called 'silent'
High blood pressure (hypertension) usually causes no symptoms for years while it quietly damages the heart, brain, kidneys and eyes. It is one of the biggest causes of heart attacks, strokes and heart failure in India.
Understanding your numbers
BP is written as two numbers, for example 120/80 mmHg. The top number (systolic) is the pressure when the heart beats; the bottom (diastolic) is the pressure between beats. Readings that are repeatedly 140/90 or higher are considered high, and for many people treatment targets are lower — your doctor will set the right target for you.
Measuring BP correctly at home
- Use a validated automatic upper-arm monitor (not a wrist device).
- Sit quietly for 5 minutes, back supported, feet flat, arm resting at heart level.
- No tea, coffee, smoking or exercise for 30 minutes before.
- Take two readings, one minute apart, morning and evening, and keep a record to show your doctor.
Changes that genuinely help
- Cut salt to less than one teaspoon (5 g) a day — watch pickles, papad, chips, processed foods and restaurant meals.
- Walk briskly for 30 minutes on most days.
- Reach a healthy weight — even 5 kg less makes a measurable difference.
- Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol.
- Sleep 7–8 hours and manage stress.
About BP medicines
Medicines are safe and usually needed for life. Do not stop them when your readings become normal — normal readings mean the medicine is working. Report side effects to your doctor so the medicine can be changed rather than stopped.
This article is for general awareness and does not replace personal medical advice. Please consult your cardiologist before changing any medicine. In an emergency, call 108.